Hupa Verbs

From A Short Practical Grammar of Hupa by Victor Golla, for the Hupa Language Program, Hoopa Valley Tribe, December 1985.

Basic Subject Prefixes Examples

Subject

Subject Prefix

to pee

to crap

to pound (acorns)

I

wh

iwh-lich

iwh-chwing

iwh-tsit

You

n (l,m,ng)

il-lich

in-chwing

in-tsit

He/She

ch'i

ch'i-lich

ch'i-chwing

ch'i-tsit

We

di

idi-lich

idi-chwing

idi-tsit

You all

'oh

'oh-lich

'oh-chwing

'oh-tsit

They

ya'

ya'-lich

ya'chwing

ya'-tsit

Comments Added by Danny Ammon

Notice the verbs all have specific "stems". To pee has a verb stem of -lich. To crap has a verb stem of -chwing. To pound has a verb stem of -tsit.

The "You" form can take any of these sounds: n, l, m, ng.

The subject is determined by a piece of the word such as wh, ch'i, di, ...

Verbs in this pattern are the least complex Hupa Verbs.