From A Short Practical Grammar of Hupa by Victor Golla, for the Hupa Language Program, Hoopa Valley Tribe, December 1985.
|
Subject |
Subject Prefix |
going to pee |
to have crapped |
to stoop/bend over |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I |
we: |
we:-lich te: |
we:-chwe'n |
we:-qo' |
|
You |
win |
wil-lich te: |
win-chwe'n |
wing-qo' |
|
He/She |
ch'i-win |
ch'i-wil-lich te: |
ch'i-win-chwe'n |
ch'i-win-qo' |
|
We |
wi-di |
widi-lich te: |
widi-chwe'n |
wi-di-qo' |
|
You all |
woh |
woh-lich te: |
woh-chwe'n |
woh-qo' |
|
They |
ya'-win |
ya'-wil-lich te: |
ya'-win-chwe'n |
ya'-wing-qo' |
Notice the verbs all have specific "stems". To pee has a verb stem of -lich. To crap has a verb stem of -chwe'n. To stoop/bend over has a verb stem of -qo'.
The subject is determined by a piece of the word such as we:-, ch'i-win-, wi-di-, ... All of the subject markers contain some form of a "w" sound.