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Modifying Prefixes Linked to this Pattern |
Meaning of Modifying Prefix |
Example |
Meaning of Example |
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ch'e- |
out of ... |
che'-nin-ta:n |
He took it out |
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no- |
down (to a position of rest) |
no'-nin-ta:n |
He put it down |
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wa- |
to, towards; through |
whi-wa'-nin-ta:n |
He gave it to me |
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Modifying Prefixes Linked to this Pattern |
Meaning of Modifying Prefix |
Example |
Meaning of Example |
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na- |
around, about |
na:-'as-de:tL |
They wandered about |
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tah- |
out of (water) |
tah-ts'is-ta:n |
He took it out of the water |
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ti- or te:- or teh- |
starting off, moving along |
ch'i-tehs-yay |
He travelled off |
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ya- |
to pieces |
ya:-'as-tse:tL |
He hammered it to pieces |
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Modifying Prefixes Linked to this Pattern |
Meaning of Modifying Prefix |
Example |
Meaning of Example |
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de- or di- |
into the fire |
de'-di-win-ta:n |
He put in into the fire |
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di- |
(moving) off, out |
ch'i-di-win-ta:n |
He took it off |
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je- |
apart |
je'-wi-lay |
He set them apart from one another |
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na- |
down (to the ground) |
na'-win-ta:n |
He put in on the ground |
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sa- |
into (someone's) mouth |
whi-sa'-win-ta:n |
He put it in my mouth |
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ta- |
in, through water |
ta'-win-yay |
He went through the water. |
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teh- |
into the water |
teh-ch'i-win-ta:n |
He put it into the water |
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tin- or ti- |
away, lost |
ti(n)'-win-yay |
He got lost |
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xa- |
up and out (of a hole) |
xa'-win-ta:n |
He pulled it up out of the ground |
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xo-da- |
down along |
xo-da'-win-yay |
He went down (the slope) |
From A Short Practical Grammar of Hupa by Victor Golla, for the Hupa Language Program, Hoopa Valley Tribe, December 1985.